Partition in Joint Ownership A property can have a single owner or multiple owners. When a property has multiple owners, it is referred to as shared ownership or joint ownership. Shared ownership, also known as co-ownership, means that several individuals own specific shares in an undivided property. Unless otherwise agreed by the co-owners, shares in…
Shareholders’ Right To Access Information In Companies The right of shareholders to obtain information is one of the most important rights in companies, and it is one of the rights that cannot be limited, transferred or waived. The right to information of the shareholders is one of the indispensable rights in joint venture, joint stock…
Prohibition of Members of the Board of Directors of Joint Stock Companies from Transactions with the Company and from Borrowing from the Company In a joint-stock company, the board of directors is the body responsible for conducting the business and affairs of the company and for maintaining relations between the company and its shareholders. In…
Share Transfer in Joint Stock Companies The joint stock company is one of the most common capital companies in Turkey. Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, taking into account the need for speed and efficiency in commercial life, has subjected the transfer of shares in joint stock companies to important rules and procedures. These rules differ…
Share Transfer in Limited Liability Company Share transfer in limited liability company is subject to detailed regulations in the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102. Although both are capital companies, the share transfer in limited liability company is subject to stricter conditions compared to joint stock company. While shares of joint stock companies can be freely…
The Obligation of E-Commerce Websites To Protect Personal Data The purpose of Law No. 6698 on Protection of Personal Data (“KVKK”) dated 24.03.2016, within the scope of general provisions, is to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, particularly the privacy of private life, in the processing of personal data, and to determine the…
European Court of Human Rights Individual Application Process Turkey ratified the European Convention on Human Rights on May 14, 1954, and on January 28, 1987, it provided the opportunity to apply to the European Court of Human Rights in cases of violations of rights and freedoms arising from the Convention and its additional protocols. The…
Investment Incentive Certificate According to the decision number 2012/3305 on government aid in investments, investors in Turkey could obtain support from the government in many ways if they achieved certain conditions and standards. In order for an investment to benefit from that government aid, it should obtain an Investment Incentive Certificate (IIC). What does an…
Cryptoassets in Turkey What is Cryptoassets? There are many different types of cryptoassets. However, cryptocurrencies is the most known type of cryptoassets. The well-known Bitcoin, Ripple, Litecoin and Ethereum…etc., are all cryptocurrencies. But what exactly is it? Crypto assets are a digital representation of value that you can transfer, store, or trade electronically. This also…
Responsibilities and Liabilities of the Members of the Board of Directors of Joint Stock Companies According to the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC), Joint Stock Companies has two mandatory organs, the general assembly and the board of directors. In this article, we will summarize the responsibilities and liabilities of board of directors’ members. A. Responsibilities of…